WHAM: A WENO-based general relativistic numerical scheme I: Hydrodynamics

Abstract

Active galactic nuclei, x-ray binaries, pulsars, and gamma-ray bursts are all believed to be powered by compact objects surrounded by relativistic plasma flows driving phenomena such as accretion, winds, and jets. These flows are often accurately modelled by the relativistic magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) approximation. Time-dependent numerical MHD simulations have proven to be especially insightful, but one regime that remains difficult to simulate is when the energy scales (kinetic, thermal, magnetic) within the plasma become disparate. We develop a numerical scheme that significantly improves the accuracy and robustness of the solution in this regime. We use a modified form of the WENO method to construct a finite-volume general relativistic hydrodynamics code called WHAM that converges at fifth order. We avoid (1) field-by-field decomposition by adaptively reducing down to 2-point stencils near discontinuities for a more accurate treatment of shocks, and (2) excessive reduction to low order stencils, as in the standard WENO formalism, by maintaining high order accuracy in smooth monotonic flows. Our scheme performs the proper surface integral of the fluxes, converts cell averaged conserved quantities to point conserved quantities before performing the reconstruction step, and correctly averages all source terms. We demonstrate that the scheme is robust in strong shocks, very accurate in smooth flows, and maintains accuracy even when the energy scales in the flow are highly disparate.