Fourth-order ordinary differential equation obtained by similarity reduction of the modifed Sawada-Kotera equation

Abstract

We study a one-parameter family of the fourth-order ordinary differential equations obtained by similarity reduction of the modifed Sawada-Kotera equation. We show that the birational transformations take this equation to the polynomial Hamiltonian system in dimension four. We make this polynomial Hamiltonian from the viewpoint of accessible singularity and local index. We also give its symmetry and holomorphy conditions. These properties are new. Moreover, we introduce a symmetric form in dimension five for this Hamiltonian system by taking the two invariant divisors as the dependent variables. Thanks to the symmetric form, we show that this system admits the affine Weyl group symmetry of type $A_2^{(2)}$ as the group of its B{ä}cklund transformations.