Design of GaN White Light Emitting Diode through Envelope Function Analysis and Combined k.p-Transfer Matrix Method

Abstract

In this paper, we present an envelope function analysis in order to design the emission spectra of a white quantum well light emitting diode. The nanometric heterostructure that we are dealing with is a multiple quantum well, consisting periods of three single quantum wells with various well thicknesses. With the aid of 6x6 Luttinger Hamiltonian, we employ the combination of two methods, k.p perturbation and transfer matrix method, to acquire electron and hole wavefunctions analytically. The envelope function approximation was considered to obtain these wavefunctions for a special basis set. While adjacent valence subbands have been studied exactly, the conduction bands are approximated as parabolic. The effect of Stokes shift has been also taken into account. The dipole moment matrix elements for interband atomic transitions are evaluated via correlation between electron and hole envelope functions, for both orthogonal polarizations. This has simplified the calculation of photoluminescence intensity. Spatial variations in hole/electron wavefunctions have been examined with the introduction of piezoelectric and spontaneous polarizations internal field. We theoretically establish the possibility of a highly efficient InGaN red emitter, resulting in a uniform luminescence in red, green and blue emissions from the while light emitting diode, through adjusting material composition, potential slope, and thickness.