Metric Properties of the Tropical Abel-Jacobi Map

Abstract

Let X be a tropical curve (or metric graph), and fix a base point p on X. We define the Jacobian group J(G) of a finite weighted graph G, and show that the Jacobian J(X) is canonically isomorphic to the direct limit of J(G) over all weighted graph models G for X. This result is useful for reducing certain questions about the Abel-Jacobi map Phi_p : X -> J(X), defined by Mikhalkin and Zharkov, to purely combinatorial questions about weighted graphs. We prove that J(G) is finite if and only if the edges in each 2-connected component of G are commensurable over the rationals. As an application of our direct limit theorem, we derive some local comparison formulas between g and its pullback Phi_p^*(g) for three different natural "metrics" g on J(X). One of these formulas implies that Phi_p is a tropical isometry when X is 2-edge-connected. Another shows that the canonical measure on a metric graph X, defined by S. Zhang, measures lengths on the image Phi_p(X) with respect to the "sup-norm" on J(X).