Gaussian and non-Gaussian processes of zero power variation

Abstract

This paper considers the class of stochastic processes $X$ which are Volterra convolutions of a martingale $M$. When $M$ is Brownian motion, $X$ is Gaussian, and the class includes fractional Brownian motion and other Gaussian processes with or without homogeneous increments. Let $m$ be an odd integer. Under some technical conditions on the quadratic variation of $M$, it is shown that the $m$-power variation exists and is zero when a quantity $δ^{2}(r) $ related to the variance of an increment of $M$ over a small interval of length $r$ satisfies $δ(r) = o(r^{1/(2m)}) $. In the case of a Gaussian process with homogeneous increments, $δ$ is $X$'s canonical metric and the condition on $δ$ is proved to be necessary, and the zero variation result is extended to non-integer symmetric powers. In the non-homogeneous Gaussian case, when $m=3$, the symmetric (generalized Stratonovich) integral is defined, proved to exist, and its Itô's formula is proved to hold for all functions of class $C^{6}$.