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arXiv · 1006.3556

Nothing to hide: An X-ray survey for young stellar objects in the Pipe Nebula

Jan Forbrich·Bettina Posselt·Kevin R. Covey·Charles J. Lada
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Abstract

We have previously analyzed sensitive mid-infrared observations to establish that the Pipe Nebula has a very low star-formation efficiency. That study focused on YSOs with excess infrared emission (i.e, protostars and pre-main sequence stars with disks), however, and could have missed a population of more evolved pre-main sequence stars or Class III objects (i.e., young stars with dissipated disks that no longer show excess infrared emission). Evolved pre-main sequence stars are X-ray bright, so we have used ROSAT All-Sky Survey data to search for diskless pre-main sequence stars throughout the Pipe Nebula. We have also analyzed archival XMM-Newton observations of three prominent areas within the Pipe: Barnard 59, containing a known cluster of young stellar objects; Barnard 68, a dense core that has yet to form stars; and the Pipe molecular ring, a high-extinction region in the bowl of the Pipe. We additionally characterize the X-ray properties of YSOs in Barnard 59. The ROSAT and XMM-Newton data provide no indication of a significant population of more evolved pre-main sequence stars within the Pipe, reinforcing our previous measurement of the Pipe's very low star formation efficiency.

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Jan Forbrich, Bettina Posselt, Kevin R. Covey, Charles J. Lada. 2010-06-17. Nothing to hide: An X-ray survey for young stellar objects in the Pipe Nebula. https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637x%2F719%2F1%2F691

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