Rank one perturbations and Anderson-type Hamiltonians

Abstract

Motivated by applications of the discrete random Schrödinger operator, mathematical physicists and analysts, began studying more general Anderson-type Hamiltonians; that is, the family of self-adjoint operators $$H_ω= H + V_ω$$ on a separable Hilbert space $\mathcal{H}$, where the perturbation is given by $$V_ω= \sum_n ω_n (\cdot, φ_n)φ_n$$ with a sequence $\{φ_n\}\subset\mathcal{H}$ and independent identically distributed random variables $ω_n$. We show that the the essential parts of Hamiltonians associated to any two realizations of the random variable are (almost surely) related by a rank one perturbation. This result connects one of the least trackable perturbation problem (with almost surely non-compact perturbations) with one where the perturbation is `only' of rank one perturbations. The latter presents a basic application of model theory. We also show that the intersection of the essential spectrum with open sets is almost surely either the empty set, or it has non-zero Lebesgue measure.