On the homotopy type of the spaces of Morse functions on surfaces

Abstract

Let $M$ be a smooth closed orientable surface. Let $F$ be the space of Morse functions on $M$ having fixed number of critical points of each index, moreover at least $χ(M)+1$ critical points are labeled by different labels (enumerated). A notion of a skew cylindric-polyhedral complex, which generalizes the notion of a polyhedral complex, is introduced. The skew cylindric-polyhedral complex $\mathbb{\widetilde K}$ (the "complex of framed Morse functions"), associated with the space $F$, is defined. In the case when $M=S^2$, the polyhedron $\mathbb{\widetilde K}$ is finite; its Euler characteristic is evaluated and the Morse inequalities for its Betti numbers are obtained. A relation between the homotopy types of the polyhedron $\mathbb{\widetilde K}$ and the space $F$ of Morse functions, endowed with the $C^\infty$-topology, is indicated.