Spin 3/2 Particle as a Dark Matter Candidate: an Effective Field Theory Approach

Abstract

There is no indication so far on the spin of dark matter particles. We consider the possibility in this work that a spin-3/2 particle acts as dark matter. Employing the approach of effective field theory, we list all possible 4-fermion effective interactions between a pair of such fields and a pair of ordinary fermion fields. We investigate the implications of the proposal on the relic density, the antiproton to proton flux ratio in cosmic rays, and the elastic scattering off nuclei in direct detection. While the relic density and flux ratio are sensitive to all interactions albeit at different levels, the direct detection is only sensitive to a few of them. Using the observed data and experimental bounds, we set constraints on the relation of couplings and dark particle mass. In particular, we find that some mass ranges can already be excluded by jointly applying the observed relic density on the one side and the measured antiproton to proton flux ratio or the upper bounds from direct detection on the other.