Soliton Molecules In Dipolar Bose-Einstein Condensates

Abstract

Dipolar interactions support the formation of inter-site soliton molecules in a stack of quasi-1D traps. We show that the stability and properties of individual solitons, and soliton molecules in such a geometry crucially depend on the interplay between contact and dipolar interactions. In particular, two different quasi-1D soliton regimes are possible: a 1D soliton characterized by purely repulsive DDI and a 3D soliton for which a sufficiently large dipole moment renders the DDI attractive. Furthermore, we find that contrary to the case of dimers of polar molecules, the soliton dimers exhibit a nontrivial behavior of the elementary excitations that stems from the competition between on-site and inter-site DDI. Finally, we prove the existence of soliton trimers in a regime where molecular trimers do not occur. We demonstrate that the soliton molecules that we report are well feasible under realistic experimental conditions.