Conditioning super-Brownian motion on its boundary statistics, and fragmentation

Abstract

We condition super-Brownian motion on "boundary statistics" of the exit measure $X_D$ from a bounded domain $D$. These are random variables defined on an auxiliary probability space generated by sampling from the exit measure $X_D$. Two particular examples are: conditioning on a Poisson random measure with intensity $βX_D$ and conditioning on $X_D$ itself. We find the conditional laws as $h$-transforms of the original SBM law using Dynkin's formulation of $X$-harmonic functions. We give explicit expression for the (extended) $X$-harmonic functions considered. We also obtain explicit constructions of these conditional laws in terms of branching particle systems. For example, we give a fragmentation system description of the law of SBM conditioned on $X_D=ν$, in terms of a particle system, called the backbone. Each particle in the backbone is labeled by a measure $\tildeν$, representing its descendants' total contribution to the exit measure. The particle's spatial motion is an $h$-transform of Brownian motion, where $h$ depends on $\tildeν$. At the particle's death two new particles are born, and $\tildeν$ is passed to the newborns by fragmentation.