Dispersion properties of transverse waves propagating in the electrically polarized BECs

Abstract

Further development of the method of quantum hydrodynamics in application for Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) is presented. To consider evolution of polarization direction along with particles movement we have developed corresponding set of quantum hydrodynamic equations. It includes equations of the polarization evolution and the polarization current evolution along with the continuity equation and the Euler equation (the momentum balance equation). Dispersion properties of the transverse waves including the electromagnetic waves propagating through the BECs are considered. To this end we consider full set of the Maxwell equations for description of electromagnetic field dynamics. This approximation gives us possibility to consider the electromagnetic waves along with the matter waves. We find a splitting of the electromagnetic wave dispersion on two branches. As a result we have four solutions, two for the electromagnetic waves and two for the matter waves, the last two are the concentration-polarization waves appearing as a generalization of the Bogoliubov mode. We also obtain that if the matter wave propagate perpendicular to external electric field when dipolar contribution does not disappear (as it follows from our generalization of the Bogoliubov spectrum). In this case exist a small dipolar frequency shift due to transverse electric field of perturbation.