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arXiv · 1302.0279

Phase transition between two-component and three-component ground states of spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensates

Liren Lin·I-Liang Chern
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Abstract

For an antiferromagnetic spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensate under an applied uniform magnetic field, its ground state $(ψ_1,ψ_0,ψ_{-1})$ undergoes a phase transition from a two-component state ($ψ_0 \equiv 0$) to a three-component state ($ψ_j\ne 0$ for all $j$) at a critical value of the magnetic field. This phenomenon has been observed in numerical simulations as well as in experiments. In this paper, we provide a mathematical proof based on a simple principle found by the authors: a redistribution of the mass densities between different components will decrease the kinetic energy.

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Liren Lin, I-Liang Chern. 2022-04-30. Phase transition between two-component and three-component ground states of spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensates. https://arxiv.org/abs/1302.0279

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