Color screening potential at finite density in two-flavor lattice QCD with Wilson fermions

Abstract

We investigate chemical-potential (μ) dependence of static-quark free energies in both the real and imaginary μregions, performing lattice QCD simulations at imaginary μand extrapolating the results to the real μregion with analytic continuation. Lattice QCD calculations are done on a 16^{3}\times 4 lattice with the clover-improved two-flavor Wilson fermion action and the renormalization-group improved Iwasaki gauge action. Static-quark potential is evaluated from the Polyakov-loop correlation functions in the deconfinement phase. As the analytic continuation, the potential calculated at imaginary μ=iμ_{\rm I} is expanded into a Taylor-expansion series of iμ_{\rm I}/T up to 4th order and the pure imaginary variable iμ_{\rm I}/T is replaced by the real one μ_{\rm R}/T. At real μ, the 4th-order term weakens μdependence of the potential sizably. At long distance, all of the color singlet and non-singlet potentials tend to twice the single-quark free energy, indicating that the interactions between heavy quarks are fully color-screened for finite μ. For both real and imaginary μ, the color-singlet q{\bar q} and the color-antitriplet qq interaction are attractive, whereas the color-octet q{\bar q} and the color-sextet qq interaction are repulsive. The attractive interactions have stronger μ/T dependence than the repulsive interactions. The color-Debye screening mass is extracted from the color-singlet potential at imaginary μ, and the mass is extrapolated to real μby analytic continuation. The screening mass thus obtained has stronger μdependence than the prediction of the leading-order thermal perturbation theory at both real and imaginary μ.