Centrality dependence of the direct photon yield and elliptic flow in heavy-ion collisions at sqrt(s)=200 GeV

Abstract

We calculate the centrality dependence of direct photons produced in Au+Au collisions at sqrt{s}=200GeV and their transverse momentum spectra within the Parton-Hadron-String Dynamics (PHSD) transport approach. As sources for 'direct' photons, we incorporate the interactions of quarks and gluons as well as hadronic interactions (pi+pi->rho+gamma, rho+pi->pi+gamma, meson-meson bremsstrahlung m+m->m+m+gamma, meson-baryon bremsstrahlung m+B->m+B+gamma), the decays of phi and a_1 mesons and the photons produced in the initial hard collisions ('pQCD'). We find that the pT spectra of the 'thermal' photons (i.e. the direct photons after the pQCD contribution is subtracted) deviate from exponential distributions and, consequently, observe a strong dependence of the inverse slope parameter T_eff on the fitting range in pT. On the other hand, all the obtained 'effective temperatures' are well above the critical temperature for the deconfinement phase transition even for peripheral collisions, reflecting primarily a 'blue shift' due to radial collective motion of hadrons. Our calculations suggest that the channel decomposition of the observed spectrum changes with centrality with an increasing (dominant) contribution of hadronic sources for more peripheral reactions. Furthermore, the thermal photon yield is found to scale roughly with the number of participant nucleons as N_part^alpha with alpha=1.5, whereas the partonic contribution scales with an exponent alpha_p=1.75. Additionally, we provide predictions for the centrality dependence of the direct photon elliptic flow v_2(pT). The direct photon $v_2$ is seen to be larger in peripheral collisions compared to the most central ones since the photons from the hot deconfined matter in the early stages of the collision carry a much smaller elliptic flow than the final hadrons.