Search arXivSearch

arXiv · 1311.1741

Architectural improvements and 28 nm FPGA implementation of the APEnet+ 3D Torus network for hybrid HPC systems

Abstract

Modern Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) are now considered accelerators for general purpose computation. A tight interaction between the GPU and the interconnection network is the strategy to express the full potential on capability computing of a multi-GPU system on large HPC clusters; that is the reason why an efficient and scalable interconnect is a key technology to finally deliver GPUs for scientific HPC. In this paper we show the latest architectural and performance improvement of the APEnet+ network fabric, a FPGA-based PCIe board with 6 fully bidirectional off-board links with 34 Gbps of raw bandwidth per direction, and X8 Gen2 bandwidth towards the host PC. The board implements a Remote Direct Memory Access (RDMA) protocol that leverages upon peer-to-peer (P2P) capabilities of Fermi- and Kepler-class NVIDIA GPUs to obtain real zero-copy, low-latency GPU-to-GPU transfers. Finally, we report on the development activities for 2013 focusing on the adoption of the latest generation 28 nm FPGAs and the preliminary tests performed on this new platform.

Explore related subjects

Keep this discovery

Explore connections, maps & timelines

BibTeXRIS

Roberto Ammendola, Andrea Biagioni, Ottorino Frezza, Francesca Lo Cicero, Pier Stanislao Paolucci, Alessandro Lonardo, Davide Rossetti, Francesco Simula, Laura Tosoratto, Piero Vicini. 2013-11-14. Architectural improvements and 28 nm FPGA implementation of the APEnet+ 3D Torus network for hybrid HPC systems. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596%2F513%2F5%2F052002

Cite the original work for its findings. Save a collection to share your selection of sources.

KEEP EXPLORING

Related papers

Bi-SamplerZ: A Rejection-Aware Cooperative Gaussian Sampling Framework for Falcon Signature Hardware

We present Bi-SamplerZ, a rejection-aware cooperative sampling framework that converts this idle capacity into useful computation. After an asymmetric accept/reject outcome, Bi- SamplerZ latches the completed logical result and dynamically reassigns the released physical datapath to the unfinished target. The two paths then evaluate fresh independent candidates for the same remaining distribution. We show that this post-rejection cooperation increases the assisted-round completion probability without modifying the underlying candidate distribution or Bernoulli acceptance rule, and we state the randomness-allocation conditions required to preserve the joint output distribution of the original pair of logical sampler calls

cs.AR

A Multi-Engine Dataflow for MoE Decoding on Scratchpad-Based Tensor Accelerators

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) decoding on scratchpad-based tensor accelerators (STA) is dominated by moving expert weights while the compute engines sit idle. This traffic is hard to hide, because the experts are known only after routing, and hard to shrink without losing quality or adding critical-path work. We present CARDAN, which represents each expert-weight matrix as a vector-quantized component plus a shared-basis low-rank component and co-designs this representation with a multi-engine decoding dataflow. The representation separates expert-common from expert-private work, so the dataflow overlaps DMA with computation on several engines. Across five MoE families on AWS Trainium3, CARDAN matches or improves BF16-teacher perplexity across all five models and speeds up batch-one decoding by 1.15-1.31x over AWS dense MoE megakernels, rising to 1.7x at batch size 16.

cs.AR

Dissecting How Die Scaling Breaks GPU Fine-grained Scheduling

Modern GPUs are no longer physically symmetric. Die scaling leads to both manufacturing-driven floorsweeping and cache and memory partitioning. The former creates chip-specific compute topologies, while the latter causes non-uniform memory access. These asymmetries are substantial. Topology-oblivious compute unit allocation can lead to up to 1.33x performance variation, while remote accesses increase HBM latency by up to 67% and nearly double L2 latency. However, these asymmetries are hidden behind the GPU's logical resource abstractions and can vary across chips. We develop lightweight characterization methods to uncover per-chip compute topology and memory affinity. We then use the discovered information to make existing fine-grained scheduling asymmetry-aware, considering not only how many resources are allocated but also which physical resources are assigned. Across full-GPU kernel execution, intra-application multiplexing, and inter-application co-location, asymmetry-aware scheduling improves mainstream kernels by up to 1.22x, multiplexed LLM inference by up to 14.3%, and avoids up to 1.33x performance variation.

cs.AR