Search arXiv⌕ Search
Home/Archive/arXiv

arXiv · 1401.8173

Modeling TCP Throughput with Random Packet Drops

Daniel Zaragoza
View original source ↗Read source document ↗Export metadata ↓

Abstract

The present report deals with the modeling of the long-term throughput, a.k.a., send rate, of the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) under the following assumptions. (i) We consider a single 'infinite source' using a network path from sender to receiver. (ii) Each TCP packet is randomly dropped with probability p; independently of previous drops or any other event/parameter. (iii) The - never changing - receiver window limits the amount of outstanding data. (iv) The receiver acknowledges every packet. (v) The TCP modeled here conforms to the publicly available standards (RFCs) as concerns congestion control. We validate and determine the limits of the different models proposed here using packet-level simulations. The contributions of the present work are the following: (a) We determine three regimes, and their conditions of applicability, depending on p: Linear law regime, square root law regime, and timeout regime. (b) As concerns the relationship between the linear and square root regimes, we give additional insights relatively to previously published work. (c) We give the exact equations governing the TCP send rate in any regime. (d) From the exact equation and under the further condition that the path is not saturated, we give and discuss approximations for the send rate of the NewReno variant of TCP. A by-product of these calculations is the distribution of the sender window, independently of any timing or saturation consideration. (e) These approximations give results that are accurate to a few percent when compared to simulation results. Detailed comparison and sources of errors between theory and simulations are also discussed.

Explore related subjects

cs.NI

Keep this discovery

Explore connections, maps & timelines

BibTeXRIS

Daniel Zaragoza. 2014-01-31. Modeling TCP Throughput with Random Packet Drops. https://arxiv.org/abs/1401.8173

Cite the original work for its findings. Save a collection to share your selection of sources.

KEEP EXPLORING

Related papers

arXiv2026

Decoding Delay Guarantees of Space Regulated Multiple Access Random Wireless Networks using Successive Interference Cancellation

This paper is focused on decoding delay guarantees in wireless networks, where messages have a given signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio threshold $η_0$ to meet in order to be successfully decoded, and where transmissions should occur within some strict time constraints. Its main contribution consists in quantifying the worst-case transmissions decoding delays in the uplink of cellular and cell-free networks using successive interference cancellation. We show how such decoding delay guarantees can be obtained using spatial network calculus, a new tool introduced recently, and in particular spatial regulation. The results rely on the assumption of absence of fading. We nevertheless outline what this approach will lead to in the fading case for cellular networks.

cs.NI↗
arXiv2026

Toward Composable Network Digital Twins: A Subgraph-Based Latency Prediction Study

Modern networks must support changing topologies, configurations, and performance objectives, motivating fast and reliable performance estimation. Network digital twins (NDTs) enable what-if analysis for performance estimation in such network scenarios, however, existing machine learning-based NDT approaches often rely on entire topology representations, which are inherently monolithic and lack reusability under topological or traffic changes in the network. This paper introduces a composable NDT approach that decomposes networks into subgraphs represented by reusable unit twins that capture subgraph structure, configuration and traffic behaviours. A lightweight composer aggregates unit twin combinations to create NDTs that predict per-route end-to-end latency through an overall topology. Evaluation across controlled synthetic topologies and diverse traffic scenarios, real-world Topology Zoo topologies, and a public NDT challenge dataset demonstrates that the composable NDTs achieve high in-distribution accuracy while remaining stable under out-of-distribution scenarios. Comparison with monolithic full topology NDTs demonstrates that our composable approach achieves reusability, while achieving comparable or superior accuracy.

cs.NI↗
arXiv2026

Pattern-Aware Virtual Network Embedding Optimization for Cloud Data Centers

The network virtualization (NV) technology has enabled the sharing of multiple resources among virtual networks (VNs) in cloud data centers. One of the key challenges is to allocate resources in real-time for virtual network request (VNR), which is known as online virtual network embedding (VNE). However, the existing online VNE methods do not exploit the multi-dimensional complementary relationship among diverse VNRs, resulting in the fragmentation and waste of substrate resources. In this paper, we propose the pattern matching based online VNE approach by constructing appropriate matching rules among observed patterns to maximize resources utilization. We devise the clustering based VNRs quantization method and conduct rigorous study on the pattern combination filtering problem. Then, we utilize the column generation to solve it and construct the pattern matching rules. Based on the rules, we propose an online pattern matching VNE algorithm with linear worst-case complexity. Evaluation on a 106-server testbed using Alibaba production cluster trace dataset shows that our algorithm achieves close-to-offline performance and more accepted workloads that outperforms traditional designs by 25%-30%.

cs.NI↗