Uniform Equicontinuity for a family of Zero Order operators approaching the fractional Laplacian

Abstract

In this paper we consider a smooth bounded domain $Ω\subset \R^N$ and a parametric family of radially symmetric kernels $K_ε: \R^N \to \R_+$ such that, for each $ε\in (0,1)$, its $L^1-$norm is finite but it blows up as $ε\to 0$. Our aim is to establish an $ε$ independent modulus of continuity in $Ω$, for the solution $u_ε$ of the homogeneous Dirichlet problem \begin{equation*} \left \{ \begin{array}{rcll} - \I_ε[u] \&=\& f \& \mbox{in} \ Ω. \\ u \&=\& 0 \& \mbox{in} \ Ω^c, \end{array} \right . \end{equation*} where $f \in C(\barΩ)$ and the operator $\I_ε$ has the form \begin{equation*} \I_ε[u](x) = \frac12\int \limits_{\R^N} [u(x + z) + u(x - z) - 2u(x)]K_ε(z)dz \end{equation*} and it approaches the fractional Laplacian as $ε\to 0$. The modulus of continuity is obtained combining the comparison principle with the translation invariance of $\I_ε$, constructing suitable barriers that allow to manage the discontinuities that the solution $u_ε$ may have on $\partial Ω$. Extensions of this result to fully non-linear elliptic and parabolic operators are also discussed.