On higher order isotropy conditions and lower bounds for sparse quadratic forms

Abstract

This study aims at contributing to lower bounds for empirical compatibility constants or empirical restricted eigenvalues. This is of importance in compressed sensing and theory for $\ell_1$-regularized estimators. Let $X$ be an $n \times p$ data matrix with rows being independent copies of a $p$-dimensional random variable. Let $\hat Σ:= X^T X / n$ be the inner product matrix. We show that the quadratic forms $u^T \hat Σu$ are lower bounded by a value converging to one, uniformly over the set of vectors $u$ with $u^T Σ_0 u $ equal to one and $\ell_1$-norm at most $M$. Here $Σ_0 := {\bf E} \hat Σ$ is the theoretical inner product matrix which we assume to exist. The constant $M$ is required to be of small order $\sqrt {n / \log p}$. We assume moreover $m$-th order isotropy for some $m >2$ and sub-exponential tails or moments up to order $\log p$ for the entries in $X$. As a consequence we obtain convergence of the empirical compatibility constant to its theoretical counterpart, and similarly for the empirical restricted eigenvalue. If the data matrix $X$ is first normalized so that its columns all have equal length we obtain lower bounds assuming only isotropy and no further moment conditions on its entries. The isotropy condition is shown to hold for certain martingale situations.