Role of trap-induced scales in non-equilibrium dynamics of strongly interacting trapped bosons

Abstract

We use a time-dependent hopping expansion technique to study the non-equilibrium dynamics of strongly interacting bosons in an optical lattice in the presence of a harmonic trap characterized by a force constant $K$. We show that after a sudden quench of the hopping amplitude $J$ across the superfluid (SF)-Mott insulator(MI) transition, the SF order parameter $|\Delta_{\bf r}(t)|$ and the local density fluctuation $\delta n_{\bf r}(t)$ exhibit sudden decoherence beyond a trap-induced time scale $T_0 \sim K^{-1/2}$. We also show that after a slow linear ramp down of $J$, $|\Delta_{\bf r}|$ and the boson defect density $P_{\bf r}$ display a novel non-monotonic spatial profile. Both these phenomena can be explained as consequences of trap-induced time and length scales affecting the dynamics and can be tested by concrete experiments.