Fluctuation driven topological transition of binary condensates in optical lattices

Abstract

We show the emergence of a third Goldstone mode in binary condensates at the phase-separation in quasi-1D optical lattices. We develop the coupled discrete nonlinear Schrödinger equations (DNLSEs) using Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov theory with Popov approximation in the Bose-Hubbard model to investigate the mode evolution at zero temperature. In particular, as the system is driven from miscible to immiscible phase. We demonstrate that the position swapping of the species in $^{87}$Rb-$^{85}$Rb system is accompanied by a discontinuity in the excitation spectrum. Our results show that in quasi-1D optical lattices, the presence of the fluctuations dramatically change the geometry of the ground state density profile of TBEC.