Search arXiv⌕ Search

arXiv · 1412.4036

General relativistic neutron stars with twisted magnetosphere

Abstract

Soft Gamma-Ray Repeaters and Anomalous X-Ray Pulsars are extreme manifestations of the most magnetized neutron stars: magnetars. The phenomenology of their emission and spectral properties strongly support the idea that the magnetospheres of these astrophysical objects are tightly twisted in the vicinity of the star. Previous studies on equilibrium configurations have so far focused on either the internal or the external magnetic field configuration, without considering a real coupling between the two fields. Here we investigate numerical equilibrium models of magnetized neutron stars endowed with a confined twisted magnetosphere, solving the general relativistic Grad-Shafranov equation both in the interior and in the exterior of the compact object. A comprehensive study of the parameters space is provided to investigate the effects of different current distributions on the overall magnetic field structure.

Explore related subjects

Keep this discovery

Explore connections, maps & timelines

BibTeXRIS

A. G. Pili, N. Bucciantini, L. Del Zanna. 2014-12-12. General relativistic neutron stars with twisted magnetosphere. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras%2Fstu2628

Cite the original work for its findings. Save a collection to share your selection of sources.

KEEP EXPLORING

Related papers

Clash of the Titans: ultra-high energy KM3NeT event versus IceCube data

KM3NeT has reported the detection of a remarkably high-energy through-going muon. Lighting up about a third of the detector, this muon likely originated from a neutrino exceeding 10 PeV in energy. The crucial question we need to answer is where this event comes from and what its source is. Intriguingly, IceCube has been operating with a much larger effective area for a considerably longer time, yet it has not reported neutrinos above 10~PeV. We quantify the tension between the KM3NeT event and the absence of similar high-energy events in IceCube. Through a detailed analysis, we determine the most likely neutrino energy to be in the range of 23 - 2400 PeV. We find a $3.5σ$ tension between the two experiments, assuming the neutrino is from the diffuse isotropic neutrino flux. Alternatively, assuming the event is of cosmogenic origin and considering three representative models, this tension still falls within 3.1 - 3.6$σ$. The least disfavored scenario is a steady or transient point source, though still leading to $2.9σ$ and $2.0σ$ tensions, respectively. The lack of observation of high-energy events in IceCube seriously challenges the explanation of this event coming from any known diffuse fluxes. Our results indicate the KM3NeT event is likely the first observation of a new astrophysical source.

astro-ph.HE↗

Non-LTE Ionization Modeling for Helium and Strontium in Neutron Star Merger Ejecta

The material ejected from a binary neutron star merger produces "kilonova," a radioactively powered emission at ultraviolet, optical, and infrared wavelengths. The early-phase spectra of the kilonova AT2017gfo, following the gravitational wave event GW170817, exhibit a strong absorption feature around $1\,\mathrm{μm}$. Helium (He) and strontium (Sr) have been proposed as the candidate elements contributing to this feature. However, due to the lack of consistent modeling including these two elements simultaneously, the exact contributions of each element to this feature remain unclear. In this study, we develop non-local thermodynamic equilibrium ionization models for He and Sr that take into account ionization by high-energy electrons, and estimate the abundances of each element required to reproduce the observed feature in the early-phase spectra of AT2017gfo. Our modeling indicates that about $1\, \%$ of He or $1\mathrm{-}10\, \%$ of Sr in mass fraction are present in the ejecta moving at $v \sim 0.15 \, c$. This Sr mass fraction nicely agrees with the mass fraction in the solar $r$-process pattern. Based on comparison with nucleosynthesis calculations, our constraints suggest that $r$-process nucleosynthesis in GW170817 occurs at relatively low electron fraction ($Y_{\rm e} \lesssim 0.35$) and low entropy ($s \lesssim 30 \, k_\mathrm{B}/\mathrm{nucleon}$) conditions. Generally, for $Y_{\rm e} \lesssim 0.15$, the observed feature can be reproduced by He at the mass fraction expected from the $α$-decay of trans-Pb nuclei, and may therefore serve as an indirect signature for the production of elements beyond the third $r$-process peak in binary neutron star mergers.

astro-ph.HE↗

New Constraints on $r$-process Nucleosynthesis in Neutron Star Mergers from GW170817 Late-Phase Spectra

The neutron star merger event GW170817 provided the first direct evidence of $r$-process nucleosynthesis. Observed spectra of its electromagnetic counterpart AT2017gfo exhibited several features that encode information on the nature and abundance of the synthesized $r$-process elements. In this study, we investigate the late nebular-phase spectral features of AT2017gfo, which provide important probes of the elemental abundance of the ejecta. We construct an analytic spectral model that computes emission features produced by the radiative decay of collisionally excited ions through allowed and forbidden transitions. By comparing our model to AT2017gfo, we identify La III and Ce III as the main contributors to the emission features at $1.4\,μ{\rm m}$ and $1.6\,μ{\rm m}$, respectively. We also confirm Te III as the dominant contributor to the $2.1\,μ{\rm m}$ feature proposed in previous works. We infer mass fractions of $X({\rm La})\approx 0.025-0.05$, $X({\rm Ce})\approx 0.05-0.1$, and $X({\rm Te})\approx 0.04-0.08$, although the La and Ce abundance estimates remain tentative due to uncertainties in the radiation field. From the non-detections of Kr and Sb lines, we derive upper limits of $X({\rm Kr})\lesssim 0.03$ and $X({\rm Sb})\lesssim 0.003$. These results suggest that nucleosynthesis in the inner ejecta of GW170817 produced a suppressed first $r$-process peak and an enhanced heavy-element abundance compared to the solar $r$-process pattern, with an estimated lanthanide fraction of $X_{\rm LN}\approx (3-6) \times 10^{-2}$. Our conclusions are consistent with the apparent universality of heavy $r$-process elements and the lanthanide fraction inferred from observations of $r$-enhanced metal-poor stars.

astro-ph.HE↗