Lieb-Liniger model: emergence of dark solitons in the course of measurements of particle positions

Abstract

Lieb-Liniger model describes bosons with contact interactions in one-dimensional space. In the limit of weak repulsive particle interactions, there are two types of low lying excitation spectrum. The first is reproduced by the Bogoliubov dispersion relation, the other is believed to correspond to dark soliton excitations. While there are various evidences that the type II spectrum is related to dark solitons, it has not been shown that measurements of positions of particles reveal dark soliton density profiles. Here, we employ the Bethe ansatz approach and show that dark solitons emerge in the measurement process if the system is prepared in an eigenstate corresponding to the type II spectrum. We analyze single and double dark solitons as well as weak and strong interaction regime.