Extremal conformal structures on projective surfaces

Abstract

We introduce a new functional $\mathcal{E}_{\mathfrak{p}}$ on the space of conformal structures on an oriented projective manifold $(M,\mathfrak{p})$. The nonnegative quantity $\mathcal{E}_{\mathfrak{p}}([g])$ measures how much $\mathfrak{p}$ deviates from being defined by a $[g]$-conformal connection. In the case of a projective surface $(Σ,\mathfrak{p})$, we canonically construct an indefinite Kähler--Einstein structure $(h_{\mathfrak{p}},Ω_{\mathfrak{p}})$ on the total space $Y$ of a fibre bundle over $Σ$ and show that a conformal structure $[g]$ is a critical point for $\mathcal{E}_{\mathfrak{p}}$ if and only if a certain lift $\widetilde{[g]} : (Σ,[g]) \to (Y,h_{\mathfrak{p}})$ is weakly conformal. In fact, in the compact case $\mathcal{E}_{\mathfrak{p}}([g])$ is -- up to a topological constant -- just the Dirichlet energy of $\widetilde{[g]}$. As an application, we prove a novel characterisation of properly convex projective structures among all flat projective structures. As a by-product, we obtain a Gauss--Bonnet type identity for oriented projective surfaces.