Two-dimensional time-reversible ergodic maps with provisions for dissipation

Abstract

A new discrete time-reversible map of a unit square onto itself is proposed. The map comprises of piecewise linear two-dimensional operations, and is able to represent the macroscopic features of both equilibrium and nonequilibrium dynamical systems. Our operations are analogous to sinusoidally driven shear in the two dimensions, and a radial compression/expansion of a point lying outside/inside a circle centered around origin. Depending upon the radius, the map transitions from being ergodic and nondissipative (like in equilibrium situations) to a limit cycle through intermediate multifractal situations (like in nonequilibrium situations). All dissipative cases of the proposed map suggest that the Kaplan -- Yorke dimension is smaller than the embedding dimension, a feature typically arising in nonequilibrium steady-states. The proposed map differs from the existing maps like the Baker's map and Arnold's cat map in the sense that (i) it is reversible, and (ii) it generates an intricate multifractal phase-space portrait.