Search arXiv⌕ Search
Home/Archive/arXiv

arXiv · 1512.05691

Frame Structure Design and Analysis for Millimeter Wave Cellular Systems

Sourjya Dutta·Marco Mezzavilla·Russell Ford·Menglei Zhang·Sundeep Rangan·Michele Zorzi
View original source ↗Read source document ↗Export metadata ↓

Abstract

The millimeter-wave (mmWave) frequencies have attracted considerable attention for fifth generation (5G) cellular communication as they offer orders of magnitude greater bandwidth than current cellular systems. However, the medium access control (MAC) layer may need to be significantly redesigned to support the highly directional transmissions, ultra-low latencies and high peak rates expected in mmWave communication. To address these challenges, we present a novel mmWave MAC layer frame structure with a number of enhancements including flexible, highly granular transmission times, dynamic control signal locations, extended messaging and ability to efficiently multiplex directional control signals. Analytic formulae are derived for the utilization and control overhead as a function of control periodicity, number of users, traffic statistics, signal-to-noise ratio and antenna gains. Importantly, the analysis can incorporate various front-end MIMO capability assumptions -- a critical feature of mmWave. Under realistic system and traffic assumptions, the analysis reveals that the proposed flexible frame structure design offers significant benefits over designs with fixed frame structures similar to current 4G long-term evolution (LTE). It is also shown that fully digital beamforming architectures offer significantly lower overhead compared to analog and hybrid beamforming under equivalent power budgets.

Explore related subjects

cs.NI

Keep this discovery

Explore connections, maps & timelines

BibTeXRIS

Sourjya Dutta, Marco Mezzavilla, Russell Ford, Menglei Zhang, Sundeep Rangan, Michele Zorzi. 2016-08-20. Frame Structure Design and Analysis for Millimeter Wave Cellular Systems. https://arxiv.org/abs/1512.05691

Cite the original work for its findings. Save a collection to share your selection of sources.

KEEP EXPLORING

Related papers

arXiv2026

Secure Polarization-Shift Backscatter Identification Applied to Battery-Free BLE Sensors Powered by Wireless Power Transfer

This paper presents a lightweight and protocolindependent security mechanism for battery-free Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) sensor nodes operating in Simultaneous Wireless Information and Power Transfer (SWIPT) architecture. The proposed approach exploits polarization-shift backscattering of the wireless power wave to transmit an encrypted device identification prior to data communication. A fail-safe RF switch and orthogonally polarized antennas are integrated as an external add-on module, enabling controlled backscatter without modifying the original energy-harvesting rectifier. The identification payload is encrypted using AES-128 and transmitted with minimal energy overhead. Experimental validation on a battery-free BLE sensor node demonstrates reliable extraction of the backscattered identification signal, seamless coexistence with BLE advertising, and improved RF-to-DC harvesting efficiency compared to rectifier-based backscatter solutions. The results confirm that polarization-shift backscatter identification provides an effective and practical security for battery-free BLE sensing systems.

cs.NI↗
arXiv2026

From WPT to Encrypted Telemetry: A Battery-Free Backscattering-based Polarimetric Wireless Sensor

This work introduces an indoor Battery-Free Wireless Sensing Node powered through radiative Wireless Power Transfer (WPT). The proposed platform targets secure, energyefficient active sensing and overcomes key limitations of many prior battery-free approaches, which commonly provide neither on-node computation nor cryptographic protection. The node combines temperature, humidity, pressure and Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) measurements with a low-power microcontroller that executes sensor calibration, derives a VOC index, formats the payload, and applies AES-128 encryption before wireless transmission. Energy harvesting and communication are enabled by a 1-bit controlled Backscatter Rectenna (BR), which both scavenges incident RF power and produces an orthogonally polarized backscattered signal for robust polarimetric operation. Experimental results validate reliable multi-sensor readout and encrypted data transfer, while maintaining a very low energy budget for the complete sense-compute-encrypt-transmit cycle.

cs.NI↗
arXiv2026

NebulaSD: Many-for-Many Speculative Decoding

Speculative decoding accelerates Large Language Model (LLM) inference by using a lightweight draft model to propose candidate tokens for parallel verification by a target model. Drafting and verification, however, exhibit different service characteristics and favor different batch configurations, making fixed draft-target coupling inefficient under concurrent workloads. Existing distributed designs can physically separate the two stages, but often retain request or batch affinities that prevent their capacities from being shared globally. We present NebulaSD, a many-for-many, or M-for-N, speculative decoding system that organizes draft and target workers into independently schedulable resource pools and dynamically reconstructs stage-specific batches from shared request pools. Such dynamic reassignment removes fixed worker locality, requiring request states to be made available at newly selected workers without introducing migration stalls. NebulaSD addresses this challenge through worker-triggered batch reconstruction and asynchronous KV-state preparation overlapped with model execution. We evaluate NebulaSD from both system and scaling perspectives, showing that dynamic pooling improves request-round processing rate by 50.4% over a physically disaggregated baseline and 72.6% over co-located execution on a four-GPU deployment while substantially increasing effective GPU utilization. Profile-driven simulations further show approximately proportional compute-side capacity scaling under idealized state movement.

cs.NI↗