Search arXiv⌕ Search
Home/Archive/arXiv

arXiv · 1512.07233

Operator Constraints for Twist-3 Functions and Lorentz Invariance Properties of Twist-3 Observables

Koichi Kanazawa·Yuji Koike·Andreas Metz·Daniel Pitonyak·Marc Schlegel
View original source ↗Read source document ↗Export metadata ↓

Abstract

We investigate the behavior under Lorentz tranformations of perturbative coefficient functions in a collinear twist-3 formalism relevant for high-energy observables including transverse polarization of hadrons. We argue that those perturbative coefficient functions can, {\it a priori}, acquire quite different yet Lorentz-invariant forms in various frames. This somewhat surprising difference can be traced back to a general dependence of the perturbative coefficient functions on lightcone vectors which are introduced by the twist-3 factorization formulae and which are frame-dependent. One can remove this spurious frame dependence by invoking so-called Lorentz invariance relations (LIRs) between twist-3 parton correlation functions. Some of those relations for twist-3 distribution functions were discussed in the literature before. In this paper we derive the corresponding LIRs for twist-3 fragmentation functions. We explicitly demonstrate that these LIRs remove the lightcone vector dependence by considering transverse spin observables in the single-inclusive production of hadrons in lepton-nucleon collisions, $\ell N\to hX$. With the LIRs in hand, we also show that twist-3 observables in general can be written solely in terms of three-parton correlation functions.

Explore related subjects

hep-ph

Keep this discovery

Explore connections, maps & timelines

BibTeXRIS

Koichi Kanazawa, Yuji Koike, Andreas Metz, Daniel Pitonyak, Marc Schlegel. 2016-03-16. Operator Constraints for Twist-3 Functions and Lorentz Invariance Properties of Twist-3 Observables. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.93.054024

Cite the original work for its findings. Save a collection to share your selection of sources.

KEEP EXPLORING

Related papers

arXiv2026

Sensitivity Analysis of Singlet Vector-Like B Quarks via Photon-Induced and Z-Initiated Processes at FCC-$μp$

This study presents a systematic sensitivity analysis of singlet-type vector-like $B$ quark production at an FCC--$μp$ collider with a centre-of-mass energy of $\sqrt{s}=24.5~\mathrm{TeV}$ through photon- and $Z$-initiated production mechanisms. The analysis focuses on the $B\to Zb$ decay channel, considering the leptonic decay of the $Z$ boson and the hadronic decay of the accompanying $W$ boson, leading to the final state $\ell^+\ell^-bjj$. Detector-resolution effects are incorporated through a simplified Gaussian smearing procedure, and the discovery and exclusion sensitivities are evaluated using an Asimov-based statistical framework. For the photon-induced channel, the most favourable sensitivity is obtained for $R_L=0.05$ and $\mathcal{L}=1000~\mathrm{fb^{-1}}$. Over the mass range $M_B=2$--$3~\mathrm{TeV}$, the expected $5σ$ discovery reach is approximately $g^\ast\simeq0.263$--$0.328$, while the $95\%$ C.L. exclusion sensitivity extends to $g^\ast\simeq0.162$--$0.197$. On the other hand, the $Z$-initiated channel provides a substantially stronger sensitivity and extends the investigated mass range up to $M_B=4.5~\mathrm{TeV}$. For $R_L=0.05$ and $\mathcal{L}=500~\mathrm{fb^{-1}}$, the $5σ$ discovery reach is approximately $g^\ast\simeq0.038$--$0.056$, while the corresponding $95\%$ C.L. exclusion sensitivity reaches $g^\ast\simeq0.021$--$0.032$. These results demonstrate that photon- and $Z$-initiated single production at an FCC--$μp$ collider provide complementary probes of heavy vector-like $B$ quarks. Moreover, the $Z$-initiated channel offers particularly strong sensitivity to small effective couplings in the multi-TeV mass region beyond the present direct LHC reach.

hep-ph↗
arXiv2026

Flavon assisted low scale leptogenesis

Low-scale leptogenesis scenarios, such as the resonant leptogenesis, typically require a highly degenerate mass spectrum of right-handed neutrinos (RHNs). This requirement can be circumvented by extending the seesaw framework with a scalar singlet $S$ that couples to RHNs via the $S N^{}_I N^{}_J$ terms (with $I \neq J$), which opens up new decay channels $N^{}_I \to N^{}_J S$ and provides additional sources of CP violation, thereby enabling successful leptogenesis at the TeV scale without the need for mass degeneracy. In this work, for the first time, we point out that the flavon fields, which are introduced in many flavor-symmetry neutrino mass models to be responsible for the generation of RHN masses through the acquisition of non-zero vacuum expectation values, serve as ideal candidates for the $S$ field. Taking as an example a flavor-symmetry neutrino mass model that naturally realizes the experimentally allowed TM1 mixing pattern and has the attractive features that only one flavon field plays the role of $S$ and that it couples to only two RHNs, we demonstrate that the observed neutrino masses and mixing angles can be consistently reproduced, while the observed baryon asymmetry can be achieved within a parameter space compatible with current experimental constraints.

hep-ph↗
arXiv2026

EasyScan_HEP 2: LLM-Agent Parameter-Scan Workflows in High Energy Physics

Large-language-model (LLM) agents are beginning to reshape the preparation and steering of computational workflows in high-energy physics phenomenology. To accommodate this change, we upgrade EasyScan_HEP to make the construction of parameter-scan configuration files more accessible to LLM-agent assistance. EasyScan_HEP 2 exposes command-line and machine-readable interfaces for LLM-agent workflows, allowing an assistant to translate natural language requests into an explicit .ini configuration that defines the scan method, external-program workflow, constraints, and outputs. The resulting configuration can be inspected through a local Web interface. The framework also supports LLM-agent-guided extension to new scan methods, as illustrated by the integration of BESTFIT, EMCEE, and DYNESTY. In this way, EasyScan_HEP 2 adapts parameter-scan workflows to LLM-agent use while preserving reproducibility, transparency, and user control.

hep-ph↗