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arXiv · 1601.02170

Deciphering the bipolar planetary nebula Abell 14 with 3D ionization and morphological studies

S. Akras·N. Clyne·P. Boumis·H. Monteiro·D. R. Gonçalves·M. P. Redman·S. Williams
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Abstract

Abell 14 is a poorly studied object despite being considered a born again planetary nebula. We performed a detailed study of its 3D morphology and ionization structure using the SHAPE and MOCASSIN codes. We found that Abell 14 is a highly evolved, bipolar nebula with a kinematical age of $\sim$19,400 yr for a distance of 4 kpc. The high He abundance, and N/O ratio indicate a progenitor of 5 $M_{\odot}$ that has experienced the third dredge-up and hot bottom burning phases. The stellar parameters of the central source reveal a star at a highly evolved stage near to the white dwarf cooling track, being inconsistent with the born again scenario. The nebula shows unexpectedly strong [N I] $λ5200$ and [O I] $λ6300$ emission lines indicating possible shock interactions. Abell 14 appears to be a member of a small group of highly evolved, extreme Type-I PNe. The members of this group lie at the lower-left corner of the PNe regime on the [N II]/H$α$ vs. [S II]/H$α$ diagnostic diagram, where shock--excited regions/objects are also placed. The low luminosity of their central stars, in conjunction with the large physical size of the nebulae, result in a very low photo-ionization rate, which can make any contribution of shock interaction easily perceptible, even for small velocities.

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S. Akras, N. Clyne, P. Boumis, H. Monteiro, D. R. Gonçalves, M. P. Redman, S. Williams. 2016-01-10. Deciphering the bipolar planetary nebula Abell 14 with 3D ionization and morphological studies. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras%2Fstw038

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