A simple technique for the automation of bubble size measurements

Abstract

An increasing number of research topics and applications ask for a precise measurement of the size distribution of small bubbles in a liquid - and hence for reliable and automated image analysis. However, due to the strong mismatch between the refractive index of a liquid and a gas, bubbles deform strongly the path of light rays, rendering automated bubble size analysis a challenging task. We show here how this challenge can be met using the fact that bubbles act like inverted, spherical lenses with a curvature which is the inverse of the bubble radius. The imaging properties of each bubble can then be used to accurately determine the radius of the bubble upon imaging an object which can be filtered easily by a computer. When bubbles are large enough to be deformed under the influence of gravity, it is more appropriate to measure their size after squeezing them between two narrowly spaced glass plates. We therefore show here, how the analysis can be extended to this case; and how both approaches can be combined to measure the size distributions of strongly polydisperse foams containing simultaneously small (several 10s of micrometres) and large bubbles (several 100s of micrometres).