Eigenmode orthogonality breaking and deviation from the fluctuation dissipation relation in rotationally dressed nanomechanical oscillators

Abstract

The ultimate sensitivities achieved in force or mass sensing are limited by the employed nanomechanical probes thermal noise. Its proper understanding is critical for ultimate operation and any deviation from the underlying fluctuation dissipation theorem should be carefully inspected. Here we investigate an ultrasensitive vectorial force-field sensor, a singly clamped nanowire oscillating along two quasi frequency degenerated transverse directions. Immersing the nanowire in a non-conservative optical force field causes dramatic modifications of its thermal noise and driven dynamics. In regions of strong vorticity, eigenmodes orientations are distorted and lose their initial orthogonality. Thermal noise spectra strongly deviate from the normal mode expansion and presents an anomalous excess of noise violating the fluctuation dissipation theorem. Our model quantitatively accounts for all observations and underlines the role of non-axial response when patching the fluctuation dissipation relation. These results reveal the intriguing properties of thermal fluctuations in multimode nano-optomechanical systems and the subtleties appearing when performing thermal noise thermometry in such systems. They are also valid in any non-symmetrically coupled dual systems.