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arXiv · 1701.02455

Toward a Calculus of Redundancy: The feedback arrow of expectations in knowledge-based systems

Loet Leydesdorff·Mark W. Johnson·Inga Ivanova
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Abstract

This paper considers the relationships among meaning generation, selection, and the dynamics of discourse from a variety of perspectives ranging from information theory and biology to sociology. Following Husserl's idea of a horizon of meaning in intersubjective communication, we propose a way in which, using Shannon's equations, the generation and selection of meanings from a horizon of possibilities can be considered probabilistically. The information-theoretical dynamics we articulate considers a process of meaning generation within cultural evolution: information is imbued with meaning, and through this process, the number of options for the selection of meaning in discourse proliferates. The redundancy of possible meanings contributes to a codification of expectations within the discourse. Unlike hard-wired DNA, the codes of non-biological systems can co-evolve with the variations. Spanning horizons of meaning, the codes structure the communications as selection environments that shape discourses. Discursive knowledge can be considered as meta-coded communication which enables us to translate among differently coded communications. The dynamics of discursive knowledge production can thus infuse the historical dynamics with a cultural evolution by adding options, that is, by increasing redundancy. A calculus of redundancy is presented as an indicator whereby these dynamics of discourse and meaning may be explored empirically.

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Loet Leydesdorff, Mark W. Johnson, Inga Ivanova. 2017-01-10. Toward a Calculus of Redundancy: The feedback arrow of expectations in knowledge-based systems. https://arxiv.org/abs/1701.02455

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