Arbitrarily exhaustive hypergraph generation of 4-, 6-, 8-, 16-, and 32-dimensional quantum contextual sets

Abstract

Quantum contextuality turns out to be a necessary resource for universal quantum computation and important in the field of quantum information processing. It is therefore of interest both for theoretical considerations and for experimental implementation to find new types and instances of contextual sets and develop methods of their optimal generation. We present an arbitrary exhaustive hypergraph-based generation of the most explored contextual sets---Kochen-Specker (KS) ones---in 4, 6, 8, 16, and 32 dimensions. We consider and analyse twelve KS classes and obtain numerous properties of theirs, which we then compare with the results previously obtained in the literature. We generate several thousand times more types and instances of KS sets than previously known. All KS sets in three of the classes and in the upper part of a fourth are novel. We make use of the MMP hypergraph language, algorithms, and programs to generate KS sets strictly following their definition from the Kochen-Specker theorem. This approach proves to be particularly advantageous over the parity-proof-based ones (which prevail in the literature), since it turns out that only a very few KS sets have a parity proof (in six KS classes 0.01% and in one of them 0%). MMP hypergraph formalism enables a translation of an exponentially complex task of solving systems of nonlinearequations, describing KS vector orthogonalities, into a statistically linearly complex task of evaluating vertex states of hypergraph edges, thus exponentially speeding up the generation of KS sets and enabling us to generate billions of novel instances of them. The MMP hypergraph notation also enables us to graphically represent KS sets and to visually discern their features.