Factorization Theorems for Generalized Lambert Series and Applications

Abstract

We prove new variants of the Lambert series factorization theorems studied by Merca and Schmidt (2017) which correspond to a more general class of Lambert series expansions of the form $L_a(α, β, q) := \sum_{n \geq 1} a_n q^{αn-β} / (1-q^{αn-β})$ for integers $α, β$ defined such that $α\geq 1$ and $0 \leq β< α$. Applications of the new results in the article are given to restricted divisor sums over several classical special arithmetic functions which define the cases of well-known, so-termed "ordinary" Lambert series expansions cited in the introduction. We prove several new forms of factorization theorems for Lambert series over a convolution of two arithmetic functions which similarly lead to new applications relating convolutions of special multiplicative functions to partition functions and $n$-fold convolutions of one of the special functions.