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arXiv · 1803.03718

Simultaneous Broadband Vector Magnetometry Using Solid-State Spins

Jennifer M. Schloss·John F. Barry·Matthew J. Turner·Ronald L. Walsworth
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Abstract

We demonstrate a vector magnetometer that simultaneously measures all Cartesian components of a dynamic magnetic field using an ensemble of nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in a single-crystal diamond. Optical NV-diamond measurements provide high-sensitivity, broadband magnetometry under ambient or extreme physical conditions; and the fixed crystallographic axes inherent to this solid-state system enable vector sensing free from heading errors. In the present device, multi-channel lock-in detection extracts the magnetic-field-dependent spin resonance shifts of NVs oriented along all four tetrahedral diamond axes from the optical signal measured on a single detector. The sensor operates from near DC up to a $12.5$ kHz measurement bandwidth; and simultaneously achieves $\sim\!50$ pT/$\sqrt{\text{Hz}}$ magnetic field sensitivity for each Cartesian component, which is to date the highest demonstrated sensitivity of a full vector magnetometer employing solid-state spins. Compared to optimized devices interrogating the four NV orientations sequentially, the simultaneous vector magnetometer enables a $4\times$ measurement speedup. This technique can be extended to pulsed-type sensing protocols and parallel wide-field magnetic imaging.

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Jennifer M. Schloss, John F. Barry, Matthew J. Turner, Ronald L. Walsworth. 2018-03-26. Simultaneous Broadband Vector Magnetometry Using Solid-State Spins. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevapplied.10.034044

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