Bose-Einstein Condensation in nonuniform rotation

Abstract

In this work, we would like to present the Bose-Einstein Condensation in such a system where rotation is decreasing radially from the centre of the condensate. That non-uniform rotation is defined by a rotating parameter called $λ$. The system is defined by a modified Gross-Pitaevskii equation. The result shows very different behaviour from uniformly rotating condensate. In a uniformly rotating case there is formation triangular vortex lattice but in our case, we are watching that vortices are formed in circular ring shape above a specific amount rotation defined by $λ_c$. Below $λ_c$ there is a distortion i.e. there is neither circular ring shape nor triangular symmetry among the vortices. We have studied the energy and chemical potential of the system. We have seen a sharp change in the energy and chemical potential of the systems at the point of $λ_c$. In this rich complex phase, we have drawn a phase diagram associated with the phase transition from disordered to circular ring shape pattern.