Cosmological models based on relativity with a privileged frame

Abstract

Special relativity (SR) with a privileged frame is a framework, which, like the standard relativity theory, is based on the relativity principle and the universality of the (two-way) speed of light but includes a privileged frame as an essential element. It is developed using the following first principles: (1) Anisotropy of the one-way speed of light in an inertial frame is due to its motion with respect to the privileged frame; (2) Space-time transformations between inertial frames leave the equation of anisotropic light propagation invariant; (3) A set of the transformations possesses a group structure. The Lie group theory apparatus is applied to define groups of transformations. The correspondingly modified general relativity (GR), like the standard GR, is based on the equivalence principle but with the properly modified space-time local symmetry in which an invariant combination differs from the Minkowski interval of the standard SR. Applying the modified GR to cosmology yields the luminosity distance -- redshift relation corrected such that the observed deceleration parameter can be negative as it was derived from the data for type Ia supernovae. Thus, the observed negative values of the deceleration parameter can be explained without introducing the dark energy. A number of other observations, such as Baryon Acoustic Oscillations (BAO) and Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) also can be well fit to the cosmological model arising from the GR based on the SR with a privileged frame.