Runaway Quintessence, Out of the Swampland

Abstract

We propose a simple, well-motivated and robust alternative to a metastable de Sitter vacuum in string theory, consistent with current observations of dark energy and naturally satisfying conjectured swampland constraints. Inflation ends in a supersymmetric Minkowski minimum, with a flat direction that is protected by non-renormalisation theorems. At some scale non-perturbative effects kick in, inducing a runaway scalar potential. The tail of this runaway potential cannot sustain a late-time dominating, slow-roll quintessence. However, the potential always contains a dS maximum. If the modulus starts close to the hilltop, it remains frozen there by Hubble friction for much of the cosmological history, at first sourcing a tiny classical vacuum energy and then constituting a rolling quintessence, with observable consequences. So long as the modulus is localised away from the Standard Model in the extra dimensions, there are no observable fifth forces nor is there time-variation of fundamental constants, and the modulus mass is protected from radiative corrections. We revisit concrete string models based on heterotic orbifold compactifications, and show that their de Sitter extrema satisfy the recently refined dS Swampland Conjecture.