Twisted Indices of 3d ${\mathcal N} = 4$ Gauge Theories and Enumerative Geometry of Quasi-Maps

Abstract

We explore the geometric interpretation of the twisted index of 3d ${\mathcal N} =4$ gauge theories on $S^1\times Σ$ where $Σ$ is a closed Riemann surface. We focus on a rich class of supersymmetric quiver gauge theories that have isolated vacua under generic mass and FI parameter deformations. We show that the path integral localises to a moduli space of generalised vortex equations on $Σ$, which can be understood algebraically as quasi-maps to the Higgs branch. We show that the twisted index reproduces the virtual Euler characteristic of the moduli spaces of twisted quasi-maps and demonstrate that this agrees with the contour integral representation introduced in previous work. Finally, we investigate 3d ${\mathcal N} = 4$ mirror symmetry in this context, which implies an equality of enumerative invariants associated to mirror pairs of Higgs branches under the exchange of equivariant and degree counting parameters.