Quantum Information Geometry in the Space of Measurements

Abstract

We introduce a new approach to evaluating entangled quantum networks using information geometry. Quantum computing is powerful because of the enhanced correlations from quantum entanglement. For example, larger entangled networks can enhance quantum key distribution (QKD). Each network we examine is an n-photon quantum state with a degree of entanglement. We analyze such a state within the space of measured data from repeated experiments made by n observers over a set of identically-prepared quantum states -- a quantum state interrogation in the space of measurements. Each observer records a 1 if their detector triggers, otherwise they record a 0. This generates a string of 1's and 0's at each detector, and each observer can define a binary random variable from this sequence. We use a well-known information geometry-based measure of distance that applies to these binary strings of measurement outcomes, and we introduce a generalization of this length to area, volume and higher-dimensional volumes. These geometric equations are defined using the familiar Shannon expression for joint and mutual entropy. We apply our approach to three distinct tripartite quantum states: the GHZ state, the W state, and a separable state P. We generalize a well-known information geometry analysis of a bipartite state to a tripartite state. This approach provides a novel way to characterize quantum states, and it may have favorable scaling with increased number of photons.