Torus actions of complexity one in non-general position

Abstract

Let the compact torus $T^{n-1}$ act on a smooth compact manifold $X^{2n}$ effectively with nonempty finite set of fixed points. We pose the question: what can be said about the orbit space $X^{2n}/T^{n-1}$ if the action is cohomologically equivariantly formal (which essentially means that $H^{odd}(X^{2n};\mathbb{Z})=0$). It happens that homology of the orbit space can be arbitrary in degrees $3$ and higher. For any finite simplicial complex $L$ we construct an equivariantly formal manifold $X^{2n}$ such that $X^{2n}/T^{n-1}$ is homotopy equivalent to $Σ^3L$. The constructed manifold $X^{2n}$ is the total space of the projective line bundle over the permutohedral variety hence the action on $X^{2n}$ is Hamiltonian and cohomologically equivariantly formal. We introduce the notion of the action in $j$-general position and prove that, for any simplicial complex $M$, there exists an equivariantly formal action of complexity one in $j$-general position such that its orbit space is homotopy equivalent to $Σ^{j+2}M$.