Semi-infinite cohomology and the linkage principle for $W$-algebras

Abstract

Let $\mathfrak{g}$ be a simple Lie algebra, and let $W_κ$ be the affine ${W}$-algebra associated to a principal nilpotent element of $\mathfrak{g}$ and level $κ$. We explain a duality between the categories of smooth ${W}$ modules at levels $κ+ κ_c$ and $-κ+ κ_c$, where $κ_c$ is the critical level. Their pairing amounts to a construction of semi-infinite cohomology for the ${W}$-algebra. As an application, we determine all homomorphisms between the Verma modules for ${W}$, verifying a conjecture from the conformal field theory literature of de Vos--van Driel. Along the way, we determine the linkage principle for Category $\mathscr{O}$ of the ${W}$-algebra.