Radiative and mechanical feedback into the molecular gas in the Large Magellanic Cloud. II. 30 Doradus

Abstract

With an aim of probing the physical conditions and excitation mechanisms of warm molecular gas in individual star-forming regions, we performed Herschel SPIRE FTS observations of 30 Doradus in the LMC. In our FTS observations, important FIR cooling lines in the ISM, including CO J=4-3 to 13-12, [CI] 370 micron, and [NII] 205 micron, were clearly detected. In combination with ground-based CO data, we then constructed CO spectral line energy distributions (SLEDs) on 10 pc scales over a 60 pc x 60 pc area and found that the shape of the observed CO SLEDs considerably changes across 30 Doradus, e.g., the peak transition varies from J=6-5 to 10-9, while the slope characterized by the high-to-intermediate J ratio ranges from 0.4 to 1.8. To examine the source(s) of these variations in CO transitions, we analyzed the CO observations, along with [CII] 158 micron, [CI] 370 micron, [OI] 145 micron, H2 0-0 S(3), and FIR luminosity data, using state-of-the-art models of PDRs and shocks. Our detailed modeling showed that the observed CO emission likely originates from highly-compressed (thermal pressure ~ 1e7-1e9 K cm-3) clumps on 0.7-2 pc scales, which could be produced by either UV photons (UV radiation field ~ 1e3-1e5 Mathis fields) or low-velocity C-type shocks (pre-shock medium density ~ 1e4-1e6 cm-3 and shock velocity ~ 5-10 km s-1). Considering the stellar content in 30 Doradus, however, we tentatively excluded the stellar origin of CO excitation and concluded that low-velocity shocks driven by kpc scale processes (e.g., interaction between the Milky Way and the Magellanic Clouds) are likely the dominant source of heating for CO. The shocked CO-bright medium was then found to be warm (temperature ~ 100-500 K) and surrounded by a UV-regulated low pressure component (a few (1e4-1e5) K cm-3) that is bright in [CII] 158 micron, [CI] 370 micron, [OI] 145 micron, and FIR dust continuum emission.