Algebras defined by Lyndon words and Artin-Schelter regularity

Abstract

Let $X= \{x_1, x_2, \cdots, x_n\}$ be a finite alphabet, and let $K$ be a field. We study classes $\mathfrak{C}(X, W)$ of graded $K$-algebras $A = K\langle X\rangle / I$, generated by $X$ and with a fixed set of obstructions $W$. Initially we do not impose restrictions on $W$ and investigate the case when all algebras in $\mathfrak{C} (X, W)$ have polynomial growth and finite global dimension $d$. Next we consider classes $\mathfrak{C} (X, W)$ of algebras whose sets of obstructions $W$ are antichains of Lyndon words. The central question is "when a class $\mathfrak{C} (X, W)$ contains Artin-Schelter regular algebras?" Each class $\mathfrak{C} (X, W)$ defines a Lyndon pair $(N,W)$ which determines uniquely the global dimension, $gl\dim A$, and the Gelfand-Kirillov dimension, $GK\dim A$, for every $A \in \mathfrak{C}(X, W)$. We find a combinatorial condition in terms of $(N,W)$, so that the class $\mathfrak{C}(X, W)$ contains the enveloping algebra $U\mathfrak{g}$ of a Lie algebra $\mathfrak{g}$. We introduce monomial Lie algebras defined by Lyndon words, and prove results on Groebner-Shirshov bases of Lie ideals generated by Lyndon-Lie monomials. Finally we classify all two-generated Artin-Schelter regular algebras of global dimensions $6$ and $7$ occurring as enveloping $U = U\mathfrak{g}$ of standard monomial Lie algebras. The classification is made in terms of their Lyndon pairs $(N, W)$, each of which determines also the explicit relations of $U$.