Multiple scattering enabled superdirectivity from a subwavelength ensemble of resonators

Abstract

An ensemble of resonators arranged on a sub-wavelength scale is usually considered as a bulk effective medium, known as a metamaterial, and can offer unusual macroscopic properties. Here, we take a different approach and limit ourselves to the study of only a few number of such elementary components and demonstrate that it still offers uncommon opportunities. Typically, thanks to the multiple scattering and the phase shift that the resonances offer, we observe fields that vary at scales completely independent of the wavelength in freespace. By smartly tuning the resonance frequencies, we can design at will the complex current distribution in those resonators. This way, we design a superdirective antenna, {\it ie.} an antenna that is surprisingly more directive than its size would foreshadow. This approach is verified numerically and experimentally in the context of microwaves, but this applies to any wave-field where sub-wavelength resonators exist.