Maker-Breaker Percolation Games II: Escaping to Infinity

Abstract

Let $Λ$ be an infinite connected graph, and let $v_0$ be a vertex of $Λ$. We consider the following positional game. Two players, Maker and Breaker, play in alternating turns. Initially all edges of $Λ$ are marked as unsafe. On each of her turns, Maker marks $p$ unsafe edges as safe, while on each of his turns Breaker takes $q$ unsafe edges and deletes them from the graph. Breaker wins if at any time in the game the component containing $v_0$ becomes finite. Otherwise if Maker is able to ensure that $v_0$ remains in an infinite component indefinitely, then we say she has a winning strategy. This game can be thought of as a variant of the celebrated Shannon switching game. Given $(p,q)$ and $(Λ, v_0)$, we would like to know: which of the two players has a winning strategy? Our main result in this paper establishes that when $Λ= \mathbb{Z}^2$ and $v_0$ is any vertex, Maker has a winning strategy whenever $p\geq 2q$, while Breaker has a winning strategy whenever $2p\leq q$. In addition, we completely determine which of the two players has a winning strategy for every pair $(p,q)$ when $Λ$ is an infinite $d$-regular tree. Finally, we give some results for general graphs and lattices and pose some open problems.