The four dimensional Yang--Mills partition function in the vicinity of the vacuum

Abstract

The partition function of four dimensional Euclidean, non-supersymmetric SU(2) Yang--Mills theory is calculated in the perturbative and weak coupling regime i.e. in a small open ball about the flat connection (what we call the vicinity of the vacuum) and when the gauge coupling constant acquires a small but finite value. The computation is based on various known inequalities, valid only in four dimensions, providing two-sided estimates for the exponentiated Yang--Mills action in terms of the $L^2$-norm of the derivative of the gauge potential only; these estimates then give rise to Gaussian-like infinite dimensional integrals involving the Laplacian hence can be formally computed via zeta-function and heat kernel techniques. It then turns out that these integrals give a sharp value for the partition function in the aforementioned perturbative and weak coupling regime of the theory. In the resulting expression for the partition function the original classical coupling constant is shifted to a smaller one which can be interpreted as the manifestation, in this approach, of the existence a non-trivial trivial $β$-function and asymptotic freedom in non-Abelian gauge theories.