Describing the Jelonek set of polynomial maps via Newton polytopes

Abstract

Let $\K=\C$, or $\R$, and $S_f$ be the set of points in $\K^n$ at which a polynomial map $f:\K^n\rightarrow\K^n$ is non-proper. Jelonek proved that $S_f$ is a semi-algebraic set that is ruled by polynomial curves, with $\dim S_f\leq n-1$, and provided a method to compute $S_f$ for $\K = \C$. However, such methods do not exist for $\K = \R$. In this paper, we establish a straightforward description of $S_f$ for a large family of non-proper maps $f$ using the Newton polytopes of the polynomials appearing in $f$. Thus resulting in a new method for computing $S_f$ that works for $\K=\R$, and highlights an interplay between the geometry of polytopes and that of $S_f$. As an application, we recover some of Jelonek's results, and provide conditions on (non-)properness of $f$. Moreover, we discover another large family of maps $f$ whose $S_f$ has dimension $n-1$ (even for $\K=\R$), satisfies an explicit stratification, and weak smoothness properties. This novel description allows our tools to be extended to all non-proper maps.