On the $C^1$-property of the percolation function of random interlacements and a related variational problem

Abstract

We consider random interlacements on $\mathbb{Z}^d$, $d \ge 3$. We show that the percolation function that to each $u \ge 0$ attaches the probability that the origin does not belong to an infinite cluster of the vacant set at level $u$, is $C^1$ on an interval $[0,û)$, where $û$ is positive and plausibly coincides with the critical level $u_*$ for the percolation of the vacant set. We apply this finding to a constrained minimization problem that conjecturally expresses the exponential rate of decay of the probability that a large box contains an excessive proportion $ν$ of sites that do not belong to an infinite cluster of the vacant set. When $u$ is smaller than $û$, we describe a regime of "small excess" for $ν$ where all minimizers of the constrained minimization problem remain strictly below the natural threshold value $\sqrt{u}_* - \sqrt{u}$ for the variational problem.