Intelligent Reflecting Surface (IRS)-Enabled Covert Communications in Wireless Networks

Abstract

With growing security threats to the evolving wireless systems, protecting user privacy becomes progressively challenging. Even if the transmitted information is encrypted and the potential wiretap channel is physically limited (e.g. through information-theoretic security approaches), the raw data itself, such as transmitter position and transmission pattern, could expose confidential information. In this context, covert communication that intends to hide the existence of transmission from an observant adversary by exploiting the physical characteristics of the wireless medium has been actively investigated. However, existing covertness techniques ineluctably consume additional resources such as bandwidth and energy, which burdens system deployment. In view of this concern, we propose an intelligent reflecting surface (IRS)-based approach to enhance communication covertness. The core idea is making use of a smartly controlled metasurface to reshape undesirable propagation conditions which could divulge secret messages. To facilitate the understanding of the proposed idea, we first provide an overview of the state-of-the-art covert communication techniques. Then, we introduce the fundamentals of IRS and elaborate on how an IRS can be integrated to benefit communication covertness. We also demonstrate a case study of the joint configuration of the IRS and the legitimate transmitter, which is of pivotal importance in designing an IRS-enhanced covert communication system. Finally, we shed light on some open research directions.