Atypical Behavior of Collective Modes in Two-Dimensional Fermi Liquids

Abstract

Using the Landau kinetic equation to study the non-equilibrium behavior of interacting Fermi systems is one of the crowning achievements of Landau's Fermi liquid theory. While thorough study of transport modes has been done for standard three-dimensional Fermi liquids, an equally in-depth analysis for two dimensional Fermi liquids is lacking. In applying the Landau kinetic equation (LKE) to a two-dimensional Fermi liquid, we obtain unconventional behavior of the zero sound mode $c_0$. As a function of the usual dimensionless parameter $s=ω/qv_F$, we find two peculiar results: First, for $|s|>1$ we see the propagation of an undamped mode for weakly interacting systems. This differs from the three dimensional case where an undamped mode only propagates for repulsive interactions and the mode experiences Landau damping for any arbitrary attractive interaction. Second, we find that regardless of interaction strength, a propagating mode is forbidden for $|s|<1$. This is profoundly different from the three-dimensional case where a mode can propagate, albeit damped. In addition, we present a revised Pomeranchuk instability condition for a two-dimensional Fermi liquid as well as equations of motion for the fluid that follow directly from the LKE. In two dimensions, we find a constant minimum for all Landau parameters for $\ell\geq 1$ which differs from the three dimensional case. Finally we discuss the effect of a Coulomb interaction on the system resulting in the plasmon frequency $ω_p$ exhibiting a crossover to the zero sound mode.